I was published! In print! What follows is an earlier draft of the article I wrote for the November edition of Yoga Chicago.
I lie in
savasana concentrating on my breath. Inhale…one…two…two bottles of milk. I have
to get whole-milk for making yogurt and almond-milk for making green juice…I
mean…three.
As I
attempt again to ignore my grocery list, I start wondering, what the heck am I
doing this for? Am I really getting any calmer? And if so, what good is calm
really going to do me? I have heard over and over that breathing will help me
deal with stress at the Department of Motor Vehicles but am I really spending
this much time per week preparing myself for the DMV? I make mental note to
examine my teachers' claims that breathing will allow me to restrain myself
when the DMV teller informs me that I am missing one item and I will have to go
to the end of the line once I get back with it, and get back to
breathing…five…six…exhale….
Weeks later
I find myself up to my neck in yoga articles, books and scientific journals,
which, I suppose is not overly impressive, considering I am sitting in lotus.
I have
stumbled across findings that not only verify that I will be less likely to
assault DMV tellers because of yoga, but also promise that yoga will boost my
decision-making capabilities and self-control. For simplicity, rather than
defining self-control as, “the ability to resist abusing DMV tellers,” let's
define it as, “the ability to postpone gratification and control emotional responses.”
Yoga's key
to self-control and decision-making, not surprisingly, is the breathing and
meditation focus. These centuries-old practices allow us to do something
amazing, to control our hearts. Controlling your heart-rate sounds like a
really neat, although prop-intensive,
party trick (Hold my stethoscope and listen to this!) — possibly one on
par with throwing your leg over your head in om pose — but it's way more than
that. People who have a wider heart-rate variation (HRV) range have more
self-control, including emotional, and better decision-making skills.1
HRV is the range of acceleration and deceleration your heart is capable of. In
other words, when you get a fright, how much does your heart-rate speed up and
when you calm back down, how low can it go?
You want a wide-range HRV because it is an excellent
indicator of mental health; much like cholesterol levels indicate the health of
your body. In a longitudinal
study, babies were monitored at 9 months, then again three years later, using
three methods of behavior prediction: parental opinion, standardized tests
(including the Beyley Scales of Infant Development) and HRV. The most accurate
indicator of which babies would develop social withdrawal, depression or
aggression issues was not the standardized tests, not even parental opinion. It was HRV.1
Babies with greater HRV were less likely to develop those social adjustment
issues. Many such tests have established that a low HRV can be linked to higher
occurrences of anger, hostility, stress and anxiety.2
Although personal HRV is an innate quality, it is not
completely fixed. Experience can change HRV. For instance, trauma can suppress
the heart’s responses; victims of child abuse have smaller-range HRV later in
life.3 Nor
is HRV completely without conscious controls.
Our body, the fantastic tangle of tissue and tendons that it
is, communicates with itself via nerves, like a massive rat’s-nest of telephone
line. We can harness these to alter our HRV, thus gaining self-control, (the ability to postpone gratification
and control emotional
responses) and coveted decision-making skills.
The telephone wires we are most interested in, the physical
communication system between your heart, lungs and brain, is the vagal nerve
cluster. The vagal nerve starts in your brain-stem, where it plays a key role in
decision-making, then wraps around numerous organs, most significantly, the
lungs and heart.
The vagal nerve is part of the automatic nervous system. The
automatic nervous system is composed of sympathetic nerves (which control the
fight or flight response and gears the body up for work) and the
parasympathetic nervous system, which slows the body down.4 Since
the vagal nerve is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, its stimulation
will slow down your heart and lungs.*
Yoga can stimulate the vagal nerve cluster by using the
parts of it that we do have control over, our breath and higher brain functions
(via meditation), to talk to the parts we have limited communication with, the
heart. It’s like telling Aunt Ethel (your brain and lungs) about the new puppy we adopted. The news
will get back to Aunt Sally (your heart) because Ethel is a gossip, the message just might
be a bit convoluted; the puppy might be a pug instead of a husky. So we keep
talking to Ethel hoping that eventually the message gets back clearer (this is
the importance of practice we will discuss in a minute).
No matter what flavor of yoga you have chosen, meditation
and breathing techniques are both central principals. Even the red-headed
left-handed stepchild of yoga**,
Bikram yoga, is in on the action. When my Bikram teacher, Liz Olson, notices
students have removed focus from their breath and are holding it during
postures, (often full-locust or floor-bow) she makes the distinction between
‘practicing yoga’ and ‘using yoga poses for exercise’; she announces to her
class, “If you aren’t breathing you’re not doing yoga. You’re just doing funny
poses in a hot room.”
Yogic breathing techniques also change the speed at which
you metabolize carbon dioxide, slowing your body down or speeding it up,
depending on which technique you are using.5 And, research shows
meditation is key to controlling heart-rate.1
Don’t forget though, it’s not the calm
itself that makes for a self-controlled, sound-decision maker; it’s the ability
to adjust. Embrace the annoyances in your yoga and everyday life. Distractions
in meditation during yoga
are simply upping the skill-level of your meditation practice; like reaching
the next level in Super Mario Brothers™. If the person in front of
you is talking or there is a police siren blaring into your home-studio, relax;
you have just gained the opportunity to level-up. It’s the same type of
self-control increase you would need had someone taken cookies out of the office
break-room and put them on your desk. The temptation may be harder to avoid,
but the practice is invaluable. You have increased the weight of your mental
dumb-bells.
Like any
other training, practice makes perfect; keep telling your metaphorical Aunt Ethel that you got a HUSKY.
H-U-S-K-Y. Not pug. Husky. Regular yoga and/or meditation will result in better
ability to stimulate the vagal nerve cluster, giving you greater control of
your heart-rate, resulting in greater control of self, including the ability to
pause momentarily, which turns out to be the key factor in better
decision-making.2 The knee-bone’s connected to the thigh bone, the
thigh bone’s connected to the hip-bone…!
To throw a
cherry on top of all that yoga-goodness, this stuff is especially important now
because our society has ramped up its response-time expectations. Today we, and those
around us, expect quick responses; there has been a dramatic decrease in our
expected response-time. Mail takes seconds, not minutes, to arrive. We don’t
have to plan a visit to the reference library to check a statistic (Thank you,
NPR-online for helping me write this article). In fact, the DMV may be the only
thing that hasn’t sped up.
Without
daily practice, we get worse at being patient (which is a form of
self-control), just as we would with any other learned skill. This makes it important to consciously
re-insert patience training into our daily lives, just as it was done
automatically a few years ago.
So, laying in savasana, I get back to talking to aunt
Ethel. It’s frustrating. We end up on tangents like groceries, work and how a
disturbingly increasing number of my friends are having children. Still, I know
the conversation is important so we keep it up. Exhale…three...four...five.
*A bizarre example of
how these systems work in tandem and the critical part the vagal nerve plays in
communication between your organs is panic-peeing. The same function of this
all-important vagal nerve that slows your heart-rate can also make you pee your
pants when you are super-scared.
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves work in
tandem all the time, like having one foot on the gas and one on the brake all
the time. When a spider larger than your cat lands on your shoulder, the
sympathetic system kicks your heart and lungs into high-gear, preparing you for
battle with the spider. Your vagal nerve quickly counters by putting its,
“wait, let’s think about this,” brake on its organs (the heart, lungs and
bladder). Sometimes, in it’s hastiness, the vagal nerve over-does it on the
bladder, causing it to relax completely. That’s how you piddle your pants.
** I would like to note
that there is nothing wrong with being red-headed, left-handed or a step-child;
nor is there anything wrong with being a Bikram yogi.
1
Partnoy, Frank. Interview by Diane Rehm. " Frank Partnoy: "Wait: The
Art and Scien." Diane Rehm Show. Host Diane Rehm. NPR. WAMU, Washington,
DC, 10 July 2012. Web. 10 Aug. 2012.
2 Partnoy, Frank. Wait: The Art and
Science of Delay. New York: Public Affairs™, A Member of the Perseus Books Gro,
2012. 6. Print.
3 Partnoy, Frank. Wait: The Art and
Science of Delay. New York: Public Affairs™, A Member of the Perseus Books Gro,
2012. 12. Print.
4
Blakemore, Colin, and Sheila
Jennett, eds. The Oxford Companion to the Body. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2001. N. pag. Web. 14 Aug. 2012.
5 Broad, William. Interview by John
Dankosky. "The Science Of Yoga: The Risks And The R." Science Friday.
National Public Radio. Feb. 2012. Web. 24 Aug. 2012. .